Although debates about its dimensionality have been mostly resolved by molde et al. A psychometric examination of the geriatric anxiety inventory and. Journal of anxiety disorders 24 2010 709714 contents lists available at sciencedirect journal of anxiety disorders development and initial validation of a selfreport assessment tool for anxiety among older adults. To analyze the applicability and psychometric properties of the portuguese version of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its short form gaisf within primary care. This is considered a first step to increase, improve, develop and renew explorations and research of anxiety in chilean older people. To address these limitations, some studies have investigated the psychometric properties of anxiety questionnaires in older adults like the abbreviated penn state worry questionnaire pswq and the geriatric anxiety inventory short form gaisf. The iranian version of geriatric anxiety inventory gai p. The geriatric anxiety inventory only has 20 brief items and facilitates studies regarding anxiety disorders of the elderly prominently. While several instruments now exist to measure anxiety in older people, there is a need for a very. In the validation study of the 20item gai, the cronbachs alpha coefficient was 0. Clinical cutoffs have been developed that vary across studies due to the small clinical samples used. To analyze the applicability and psychometric properties of the portuguese version of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its short form gai sf within primary care. Development of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai.
The gas, beck anxiety inventory bai, geriatric anxiety inventory gai, beck depression inventory, second edition bdiii, and geriatric depression scale gds were administered to 117 communitydwelling, predominantly. Validation of the geriatric anxiety inventory in a. Geriatric anxiety inventory the american journal of geriatric. We also determined the extent to which memory ability influenced the psychometric properties of these measures.
Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety scale. Detection of anxiety symptoms in persons with dementia. Psychometric properties and health correlates of the. The presence of anxiety disorders and elevated anxiety symptoms contributes to negative physical and mental health outcomes, including elevated risk of myocardial infarctions 4, lower abbreviations. Applicationofthegeriatricanxietyinventorychineseversion. Initial clinical testing indicated that it is able to discriminate between those with and without any anxiety disorder and between those with and without dsmiv generalized anxiety disorder. The main objective of this study was to assess the internal consistency and the psychometric properties of the spanish version of the gai. The protocol included the gai, the selfreporting questionnaire srq20, the depression scale d10, minimental state examination mmse. Validation of the geriatric anxiety inventory in chilean.
Aug 11, 2014 the geriatric anxiety inventory gai was developed as a brief dimensional measure of anxiety symptom severity specifically for use with older people pachana et al. Geriatric anxiety inventory american journal of geriatric psychiatry. Similarly, geriatric anxiety measures appear not to be usable for. Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems experienced by. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai is a recently developed scale aiming to evaluate symptoms of anxiety in later life. The generalized anxiety inventory gai has been developed for use in the assessment of anxiety symptoms in older adults. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai page 2 uniquest eshop. Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among elderly people, although infrequently the subject of systematic research in this age group. Pdf development and validation of a short form of the. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory are acceptable among patients. Development and initial validation of a selfreport. The questionnaire has agreedisagree response categories and for estimating anxiety score the number of agree responses are added giving a total score ranging from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety. One important limitation is the lack of a widely accepted instrument to measure dimensional anxiety in both normal old people and old people with mental health problems seen in various setti. Development and validation of a short form of the geriatric.
The predictive validity of the gai was tested against the presence of any dsm. Anxiety most anxiety disorder start in earlier life, although gad 24. Gai has high sensitivity detecting geriatric anxiety symptoms among drug trial anticipants. Pdf psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai psychological scales. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai page 1 uniquest eshop. Lack of a widely accepted instrument to measure dimensional anxiety symptoms in older adults in community settings as well as in a variety of clinical settings was the impetus for the development of the geriatric anxiety inventory or gai pachana et al. Questionnaire for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental. The geriatric anxiety inventory is a 20item geriatric specific measure of anxiety severity. We have demonstrated that it has sound psychometric properties.
This 20item scale uses dichotomous answers highlighting non. Czech normative study article pdf available in ceskoslovenska psychologie 625. Its factorial structure was examined and compared with previous studies. Iv anxiety disorders in 58 pd patients using receiver operating curve analysis. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and. Bai beck anxiety inventory, gad generalized anxiety disorder, gad7 generalized anxiety disorder 7item scale, gai geriatric anxiety inventory, gai sf gai short form, gds15 15item geriatric depression scale, kr20 kuderrichardson 20 coefficient, mmse minimental. The geriatric anxiety inventory in screening for anxiety after stroke ian i kneebone 1, 2, chris fifeschaw 3, nadina b lincoln 4 and helena harder 2, 5 1. The geriatric anxiety inventory the gai has been developed and. The gai sf may be a useful alternative screening measure for identifying anxiety in older adults. Fiftyfive seniors were classified as nondemented by. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai american psychological association.
The crosscultural adaptation process consisted in four steps. A crossnational analysis of the psychometric properties of. In addition, the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders dsm, published by the american psychiatric association apa, can also be used to assess anxiety. Using data from 3,731 older adults from 10 national samples australia, brazil, canada, the netherlands, norway, portugal, spain, singapore, thailand, usa, this study used bifactor. Reasons for developing the test, processes of test. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai consists of 20 agreedisagree items designed to assess typical common anxiety symptoms. Two scales, the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and geriatric anxiety scale gas, have been recently created to provide valid assessments for older adults gould et al. The gas, beck anxiety inventory bai, geriatric anxiety inventory gai, beck depression inventory, second edition bdiii, and geriatric depression scale gds were administered to 117 communitydwelling, predominantly white, older adults 62% female. To examine the psychometric properties of a novel anxiety rating scale, the geriatric anxiety inventory gai in parkinsons disease pd. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai is a 20item questionnaire designed to assess anxiety in older adults. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai is a new 20item selfreport or nurseadministered scale that measures dimensional anxiety in older people.
National ageing research institute nari that aimed to investigate the usefulness of the geriatric gds and the geriatric anxiety inventory gai in detecting late life depression and anxiety in communitydwelling older chinese migrants. Gai scores had better discriminant validity with a health rating compared with gas scores. It features a dichotomous and single direction response format, which can decrease the cognitive load of respondents. Anxiety symptom levels are persistent in older adults with. Bai beck anxiety inventory, gad generalized anxiety disorder, gad7 generalized anxiety disorder 7item scale, gai geriatric anxiety. The measurements of somatic symptoms with the instrument are limited in order to minimize confusion between symptoms common to anxiety and general medical conditions. Both gai and gai sf show good psychometric properties for identifying geriatric anxiety.
Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems experienced by the elderly that affects quality of life. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai is a simple scale for quickly screening older people for anxiety disorders. Anxiety in later life is a major clinical problem, with notable barriers to accurate assessment. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai is one of most frequently used scales measuring anxiety in older adults in native english speaking countries such as australia, united states, and canada. Translation and crosscultural adaptation of the brazilian. Pdf geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its short form. Internal reliability of the geriatric anxiety inventory was high. Generalized anxiety disorder 7item gad7 scale over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problems. Pdf development and validation of the geriatric anxiety inventory. Development and validation of a short form of the geriatric anxiety inventory the gaisf.
According to prof pachana, gai has high sensitivity detecting geriatric anxiety symptoms among drug trial anticipants. It has also been translated into several languages including chinese, dutch, finnish, french, norwegian, portuguese, spanish, and thai. The gai is a 20item questionnaire for measuring anxiety in older adults adults aged 60 and over. The geriatric anxiety inventory lack of a widely accepted instrument to measure dimensional anxiety symptoms in older adults in community settings as well as in a variety of clinical settings was the impetus for the development of the geriatric anxiety inventory or gai pachana et al. We investigated whether higher gai scores at baseline were associated with. Three tools were examined, the geriatric anxiety inventory, penn state worry questionnaire, and the rating anxiety in dementia raid scale. The geriatric anxiety scale gas and geriatric anxiety inventory gai represent two elderspecific assessment tools that have recently been developed and validated. Sensitivity varied but was the highest in the raid at 90% and lowest in the self. Item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory. Jan 08, 2019 to date, no crossnational research studies have examined the psychometric properties of the frequently used geriatric anxiety inventory gai in depth.
Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its shortform gaisf in a clinical and nonclinical sample of older adults. The gai is a new 20item selfreport or nurseadministered scale that measures dimensional anxiety in elderly people. Factorial validity of the spanish version of the geriatric. While studies suggest good internal consistency and convergent validity, divergent validity from measures of depression are weak. Fiftyfive seniors were classified as nondemented by a multidisciplinary panel. A psychometric examination of the geriatric anxiety inventory and geriatric anxiety scale christine e. Applicationofthegeriatricanxietyinventorychineseversion gai. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai and the gaishort form gaisf were designed to detect anxiety symptoms among communitydwelling older adults, but the usefulness of the gai and gaisf in. The geriatric anxiety inventory wiley online library. The geriatric anxiety inventory the gai has been developed and widely used in screening those suffering from severe symptoms. The initial study found adequate psychometric properties in a large sample of normal older adults and a smaller sample of psychogeriatric patients pachana et al. The team of gai developed a short form of the geriatric anxiety inventory gaisf in 2011, which was confirmed to have the same validity and reliability as gai.
Treatment of depression and anxiety in the geriatric patient. Australian chinese version of the geriatric depression scale. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its shortform gaisf in a clinical and nonclinical sample of older adults volume 27 issue 7 carly johnco, ashleigh knight, dusanka tadic, viviana m. Validity and reliability of the geriatric anxiety inventory. Psychometric properties of the geriatric anxiety inventory. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai was developed as a brief dimensional. Good internal consistency and adequate reliability were found for gai and gas scores. Item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory among the. We examined the psychometric properties, internal scale reliability and validity, of two geriatric anxiety measures. Journal of anxiety disorders 28 2014 804811 contents lists available at sciencedirect journal of anxiety disorders measuring anxiety in late life. Anxiety is very prevalent in older people, but with dementia also presenting as a common illness in this group, mood disorders such as anxiety and depression can be overlooked because the symptoms can be very similar. Construct validity of the geriatric anxiety inventory was evident with respect to the hospital anxiety and depression scale anxiety subscale. The geriatric anxiety inventory has very good psychometric properties for evaluating anxiety in elderly people, being a useful and adequate instrument for the screening of anxiety in the chilean population. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai was used to measure anxiety symptoms at baseline and follow.
Convergent validity was strong for geriatric anxiety inventory gai and geriatric anxiety scale gas scores. Australian chinese version of the geriatric depression. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai anticipate the worst to happen indicator indicates whether the subject agrees that heshe always anticipated the worst to happen in the last week, as part of geriatric anxiety inventory gai gaianticipateworsttohapnind. Development and validation of the geriatric anxiety inventory. A study of the validity and the reliability of the. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai was developed as a brief dimensional measure of anxiety symptom severity specifically for use with older people pachana et al. A full bibliography of the gas is available upon request email me at. Anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among older people and are associated with considerable disability burden. Update on managing generalized anxiety disorder in older. The iranian version of geriatric anxiety inventory gaip. Current development in elderly comprehensive assessment.
If you are interested in translating the gas into other languages, i would welcome the opportunity to work with you. The geriatric anxiety inventory gai was developed to assess anxiety in older adults. The instruments administration and scoring were kept deliberately simple to. Geriatric anxiety inventory gai and its short form gaisf. Crossnational analysis of the psychometric properties of. Bai beck anxiety inventory, gad generalized anxiety disorder, gad7 generalized anxiety disorder 7item scale, gai geriatric anxiety inventory, gaisf gai short form, gds15 15item geriatric depression scale, kr20 kuderrichardson 20 coefficient, mmse minimental. A crossnational analysis of the psychometric properties. Mean age sd at baseline among the patients that were reexamined was 73. Item response theory analysis, differential item functioning, and creation of 10item short form gas10. The geriatric anxiety inventory in primary care archives of clinical.
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